The Shiba Inu is the smallest of six  distinct breeds originating in Japan and traces back to at least the 3rd century BC, which makes it one of the oldest dog breeds.  Initially they were available only in Japan where they were declared a natural  monument in 1936.  The Shiba's arrival in America dates back to the early 1950's when a military family stationed in Japan brought one back to the US.  The first recorded litter born in the United States was in 1979.  The Shiba was bred to hunt small game in the wooded, mountainous terrain in Japan.  While "inu" means dog in Japanese, it is not known whether "shiba" refers to its small size or the brushwood found in its early hunting territory -- "shiba" translates to both.  Shiba Inus  are compact, muscular dogs with a very independent, intelligent nature.  Obedience training is a MUST for this breed, but once you establish that you are the "pack leader", Shibas are extremely loyal and affectionate with their owners.  They get along well with children and other dogs and cats that they are raised with.  They may be somewhat stand- offish with strangers which makes them a good watchdog.  The Shiba has a thick double coat which does shed to some extent, so occasional brushing is in order,  but the Shiba is extremely fastidious and cleans its own coat like a cat.  This same cleanliness makes them easy to housebreak.   The Shiba can be happy in either an apartment or house setting, but will require at least a daily walk in any event. Size: 15-16 inches (males generally on the larger end of the scale); Weight 17-23 pounds (again, males are larger).